HiLo

HiLo, trial NCT00415233 sponsored by Cancer Research UK and reported in 2012, showed that a third of the usual radioactive iodine dose ablates the thyroid remnant just as well as the high dose in differentiated thyroid cancer, with fewer side effects and less time in isolation. It randomised 438 patients needing ablation to 1.1 GBq or 3.7 GBq of radioiodine, with recombinant TSH or thyroid hormone withdrawal, and met its non-inferiority endpoint on successful ablation, while recombinant TSH avoided hypothyroid symptoms. Nuclide links it to thyroid cancer, radioiodine therapy, radioactive iodine and Cancer Research UK, and the French ESTIMABL1 trial replicated low-dose non-inferiority at the same time. Low-dose ablation became standard for intermediate-risk disease and the trial paved the way to omitting ablation altogether in low-risk disease, as ESTIMABL2 and IoN then showed.