Radium-223 dichloride
Radium-223 was the first alpha-emitting drug ever approved (2013). It homes to bone like calcium and treats prostate cancer that has spread only to bone.
Overview
Radium-223 is a calcium mimetic incorporated into bone matrix at sites of metastatic bone turnover, where each decay chain delivers four alpha emissions over a range of a few cells, killing tumour while largely sparing marrow. It is given intravenously to men with symptomatic castration-resistant prostate cancer whose spread is confined to bone without visceral disease. ALSYMPCA showed overall survival of 14.9 versus 11.3 months (HR 0.70) and fewer skeletal events, and it became the first alpha-emitting drug ever approved (2013). ERA 223 showed excess fractures when combined with abiraterone, now contraindicated without bone protection, while PEACE III (2024) with enzalutamide plus bone-protecting agents was positive for rPFS and overall survival. How to sequence it with 177Lu-PSMA therapy is unresolved. Simply put, it is a radioactive calcium look-alike that homes to bone metastases.
- PSMA / SSTR-positive cell
Calcium mimetic incorporated into bone matrix at metastases; four alpha emissions per decay chain.
- PSMA / SSTR-positive cell
1.Radium-223 dichloride binds its target on the cancer cell or is taken up by it.
- Medicare
- Part B (clinician-administered)
Given by infusion or injection in a clinic or hospital outpatient department, so it is a Part B drug: Medicare pays 80% after the Part B deductible and the patient owes 20% coinsurance, uncapped in Original Medicare unless a Medigap policy applies. HCPCS A9606. Six monthly injections.
- Commercial insurance
- covered with prior authorisation
Covered under the medical benefit with prior authorisation confirming diagnosis, biomarker status and line of therapy; site-of-care policies may steer infusions away from hospital outpatient departments. Symptomatic bone metastases without visceral disease, per the label.
- Assistance programmes
- Bayer US Patient Assistance Foundation
- PAN Foundation: Disease-specific co-pay and premium funds; open and closed funds change monthly.
- HealthWell Foundation
- CancerCare Co-Payment Assistance Foundation
- Patient Advocate Foundation Co-Pay Relief
20% Part B coinsurance on a high-cost infusion adds up quickly: Medigap Plan G or N, Medicare Advantage maximum out-of-pocket, Medicaid dual eligibility, or a charity fund are the usual buffers.
Sources: Medicare.gov: Chemotherapy · Medicare.gov: Prescription drugs (outpatient, Part B). Not medical or financial advice; verify with your plan.
- Appraised for
- Hormone-relapsed prostate cancer, symptomatic bone metastases and no known visceral metastases, only after docetaxel or where docetaxel is unsuitable
- Notes
- TA412 recommends it as an option only with the discount agreed in the patient access scheme.
- NHS England
- Routinely funded for the appraised indication (or via managed access)
Sources: NICE TA412 · SMC advice: radium-223 dichloride. Funding decisions are indication-specific and change monthly; verify with NICE and your treating team.
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Approvals
| Region | Year | Indication |
|---|---|---|
| US | 2013 | Symptomatic bone-metastatic CRPC without visceral disease |
Trials
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Landmark trials
Latest papers
topQuery for this drug: (TITLE:"Radium-223 dichloride" OR ABSTRACT:"Radium-223 dichloride" OR TITLE:"Xofigo" OR ABSTRACT:"Xofigo") AND (radiopharmaceutical OR radioligand OR radionuclide OR theranostic OR "nuclear medicine" OR "molecular imaging" OR radiotracer OR scintigraphy OR cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Radium-223 dichloride, not a curated reading list.
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