{"entity":{"id":"psma","kind":"target","name":"PSMA","aka":[],"tldr":"A protein on prostate cancer cells that lets doctors both see the cancer on a PET scan and hit it with a radioactive drug.","summary":"Prostate-specific membrane antigen is the archetypal theranostic target. PSMA PET (Pylarify, Illuccix, Locametz, Pylarify TruVu) is standard for staging; 177Lu-PSMA-617 (Pluvicto) is approved before and after chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Alpha-emitting 225Ac-PSMA agents and PSMA-targeted bispecifics and CAR-T are in trials.","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_carboxypeptidase_II","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_carboxypeptidase_II"}],"tags":["theranostic","pet-target"],"related":["lu-177","ac-225"],"indications":["prostate"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["aaa817","jnj-87189401","hrs-4357","fpi-2265"],"companies":["artbio","convergent-therapeutics","point-biopharma"],"institutions":[],"pathways":["prostate-cancer-signalling"],"terms":[],"trials":["nct07567521","nct06383052","nct05381103","nct06906471","nct07258407"],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"symbol":"FOLH1","hgnc":"HGNC:3788","ensembl":"ENSG00000086205","uniprot":"Q04609","entrez":"2346","biology":"PSMA is a type II transmembrane glutamate carboxypeptidase; expression increases with grade and castration resistance. Also expressed in tumour neovasculature of other cancers.","whereFound":["Prostate cancer (>90%)","Neovasculature of RCC, glioma, others"],"targetClass":"surface-antigen","prevalence":[{"indicationId":"prostate","pct":">90","measure":"PSMA PET positivity, metastatic disease","source":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12796145/","note":"~10% PSMA-negative or low"},{"indicationId":"rcc","pct":"60-80","measure":"Neovascular PSMA expression","source":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12796145/","note":"Clear-cell; imaging studies"}]},"route":"/targets/psma/","neighbours":{"isotope":[{"id":"ac-225","kind":"isotope","name":"Actinium-225","route":"/isotopes/ac-225/"},{"id":"lu-177","kind":"isotope","name":"Lutetium-177","route":"/isotopes/lu-177/"},{"id":"th-227","kind":"isotope","name":"Thorium-227","route":"/isotopes/th-227/"}],"indication":[{"id":"prostate","kind":"indication","name":"Prostate cancer","route":"/indications/prostate/"}],"drug":[{"id":"lu177-psma-it","kind":"drug","name":"177Lu-PSMA-I&T","route":"/drugs/lu177-psma-it/"},{"id":"aaa817","kind":"drug","name":"AAA817","route":"/drugs/aaa817/"},{"id":"ac225-psma","kind":"drug","name":"Actinium-225 PSMA agents","route":"/drugs/ac225-psma/"},{"id":"cu-64-sar-bispsma","kind":"drug","name":"Copper-64 SAR-bisPSMA","route":"/drugs/cu-64-sar-bispsma/"},{"id":"florastamin-f18","kind":"drug","name":"Florastamin F-18","route":"/drugs/florastamin-f18/"},{"id":"flotufolastat","kind":"drug","name":"Flotufolastat F-18","route":"/drugs/flotufolastat/"},{"id":"fpi-2265","kind":"drug","name":"FPI-2265","route":"/drugs/fpi-2265/"},{"id":"ga68-psma-11","kind":"drug","name":"Gallium-68 gozetotide (PSMA-11)","route":"/drugs/ga68-psma-11/"},{"id":"hrs-4357","kind":"drug","name":"HRS-4357","route":"/drugs/hrs-4357/"},{"id":"illuccix","kind":"drug","name":"Illuccix (kit for Ga-68 gozetotide)","route":"/drugs/illuccix/"},{"id":"jnj-87189401","kind":"drug","name":"JNJ-87189401","route":"/drugs/jnj-87189401/"},{"id":"locametz","kind":"drug","name":"Locametz (kit for Ga-68 gozetotide)","route":"/drugs/locametz/"},{"id":"lu-177-pnt2002","kind":"drug","name":"Lutetium-177 PNT2002","route":"/drugs/lu-177-pnt2002/"},{"id":"tlx-591","kind":"drug","name":"Lutetium-177 rosopatamab tetraxetan","route":"/drugs/tlx-591/"},{"id":"pluvicto","kind":"drug","name":"Lutetium-177 vipivotide tetraxetan","route":"/drugs/pluvicto/"},{"id":"pylarify","kind":"drug","name":"Piflufolastat F-18 / Pylarify TruVu","route":"/drugs/pylarify/"},{"id":"psma-1007-f18","kind":"drug","name":"PSMA-1007 F-18","route":"/drugs/psma-1007-f18/"},{"id":"tc-99m-psma-imaging","kind":"drug","name":"Technetium Tc-99m PSMA agents (PSMA-I&S)","route":"/drugs/tc-99m-psma-imaging/"}],"company":[{"id":"advancell","kind":"company","name":"AdvanCell","route":"/companies/advancell/"},{"id":"artbio","kind":"company","name":"ARTBIO","route":"/companies/artbio/"},{"id":"bracco","kind":"company","name":"Bracco Imaging","route":"/companies/bracco/"},{"id":"clarity-pharmaceuticals","kind":"company","name":"Clarity Pharmaceuticals","route":"/companies/clarity-pharmaceuticals/"},{"id":"convergent-therapeutics","kind":"company","name":"Convergent Therapeutics","route":"/companies/convergent-therapeutics/"},{"id":"full-life-technologies","kind":"company","name":"Full-Life Technologies","route":"/companies/full-life-technologies/"},{"id":"nuclidium","kind":"company","name":"Nuclidium","route":"/companies/nuclidium/"},{"id":"perspective-therapeutics","kind":"company","name":"Perspective Therapeutics","route":"/companies/perspective-therapeutics/"},{"id":"point-biopharma","kind":"company","name":"POINT Biopharma","route":"/companies/point-biopharma/"},{"id":"telix","kind":"company","name":"Telix Pharmaceuticals","route":"/companies/telix/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"lineage-plasticity-neuroendocrine","kind":"pathway","name":"Lineage plasticity & neuroendocrine transformation","route":"/pathways/lineage-plasticity-neuroendocrine/"},{"id":"prostate-cancer-signalling","kind":"pathway","name":"Prostate cancer (KEGG map)","route":"/pathways/prostate-cancer-signalling/"}],"trial":[{"id":"nct07258407","kind":"trial","name":"A Clinical Trial Evaluating the Safety of TD001 In Patients With PSMA-Expressing Metastatic Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct07258407/"},{"id":"nct06383052","kind":"trial","name":"A Phase 1/2 Study of 177Lu-NYM032 Injection in mCRPC","route":"/trials/nct06383052/"},{"id":"nct06906471","kind":"trial","name":"A Single-Arm, Blinded, Fluorescent PSMA Histopathology Trial of AS1986NS","route":"/trials/nct06906471/"},{"id":"nct07567521","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of TRC003 in the Treatment of Patients With Progressive PSMA-positive mCRPC","route":"/trials/nct07567521/"},{"id":"nct05381103","kind":"trial","name":"PSMA-PET to Guide Prostatectomy","route":"/trials/nct05381103/"},{"id":"vision","kind":"trial","name":"VISION","route":"/trials/vision/"}],"technology":[{"id":"albumin-binder-ligands","kind":"technology","name":"Albumin-binder ligands","route":"/technologies/albumin-binder-ligands/"},{"id":"auger-electron-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Auger-electron therapy","route":"/technologies/auger-electron-therapy/"},{"id":"lu177-radioligand-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Lutetium-177 radioligand therapy","route":"/technologies/lu177-radioligand-therapy/"},{"id":"psma-pet","kind":"technology","name":"PSMA PET","route":"/technologies/psma-pet/"},{"id":"radioimmunotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Radio-antibody & radio-ADC","route":"/technologies/radioimmunotherapy/"},{"id":"radionuclide-parp-combination","kind":"technology","name":"Radioligand plus DNA-repair inhibitor combinations","route":"/technologies/radionuclide-parp-combination/"},{"id":"radioligand-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Radioligand therapy (beta emitters)","route":"/technologies/radioligand-therapy/"},{"id":"targeted-alpha-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Targeted alpha therapy","route":"/technologies/targeted-alpha-therapy/"}],"institution":[{"id":"heidelberg-nct","kind":"institution","name":"Heidelberg University Hospital / NCT / DKFZ","route":"/institutions/heidelberg-nct/"},{"id":"inselspital-bern","kind":"institution","name":"Inselspital, Bern University Hospital / University Cancer Center Inselspital","route":"/institutions/inselspital-bern/"},{"id":"irst-meldola","kind":"institution","name":"IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori 'Dino Amadori' (IRST)","route":"/institutions/irst-meldola/"},{"id":"ucla-jonsson","kind":"institution","name":"UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/ucla-jonsson/"},{"id":"ucsf","kind":"institution","name":"UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/ucsf/"},{"id":"uk-duesseldorf","kind":"institution","name":"University Hospital Düsseldorf / CIO Düsseldorf","route":"/institutions/uk-duesseldorf/"}],"term":[{"id":"antigen","kind":"term","name":"Antigen","route":"/terms/antigen/"},{"id":"ligand","kind":"term","name":"Ligand","route":"/terms/ligand/"},{"id":"psma-rads","kind":"term","name":"PSMA-RADS (PSMA reporting and data system)","route":"/terms/psma-rads/"},{"id":"salivary-gland-toxicity","kind":"term","name":"Salivary gland toxicity (xerostomia) from PSMA radioligand therapy","route":"/terms/salivary-gland-toxicity/"}],"pairing":[{"id":"beta-psma-then-alpha-psma-rescue","kind":"pairing","name":"177Lu-PSMA-617 then 225Ac-PSMA rescue therapy","route":"/pairings/beta-psma-then-alpha-psma-rescue/"},{"id":"psma-pet-to-rlt","kind":"pairing","name":"PSMA PET → PSMA radioligand therapy","route":"/pairings/psma-pet-to-rlt/"}],"collection":[{"id":"prostate-cancer-foundation","kind":"collection","name":"Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF)","route":"/collections/prostate-cancer-foundation/"}],"person":[{"id":"oliver-sartor","kind":"person","name":"A. Oliver Sartor","route":"/people/oliver-sartor/"},{"id":"clemens-kratochwil","kind":"person","name":"Clemens Kratochwil","route":"/people/clemens-kratochwil/"},{"id":"declan-murphy","kind":"person","name":"Declan G. Murphy","route":"/people/declan-murphy/"},{"id":"jason-lewis","kind":"person","name":"Jason S. Lewis","route":"/people/jason-lewis/"},{"id":"jeremie-calais","kind":"person","name":"Jeremie Calais","route":"/people/jeremie-calais/"},{"id":"johannes-czernin","kind":"person","name":"Johannes Czernin","route":"/people/johannes-czernin/"},{"id":"ken-herrmann","kind":"person","name":"Ken Herrmann","route":"/people/ken-herrmann/"},{"id":"louise-emmett","kind":"person","name":"Louise Emmett","route":"/people/louise-emmett/"},{"id":"hofman-michael","kind":"person","name":"Michael Hofman","route":"/people/hofman-michael/"},{"id":"michael-morris","kind":"person","name":"Michael J. Morris","route":"/people/michael-morris/"},{"id":"peter-bartenstein","kind":"person","name":"Peter Bartenstein","route":"/people/peter-bartenstein/"},{"id":"rahul-aggarwal","kind":"person","name":"Rahul Aggarwal","route":"/people/rahul-aggarwal/"},{"id":"sandhu-shahneen","kind":"person","name":"Shahneen Sandhu","route":"/people/sandhu-shahneen/"},{"id":"thomas-hope","kind":"person","name":"Thomas A. Hope","route":"/people/thomas-hope/"},{"id":"uwe-haberkorn","kind":"person","name":"Uwe Haberkorn","route":"/people/uwe-haberkorn/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-kratochwil-ac225-psma-jnm-2016","kind":"paper","name":"225Ac-PSMA-617 for PSMA-targeted alpha-radiation therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-kratochwil-ac225-psma-jnm-2016/"},{"id":"paper-tagawa-ac225-j591-jco-2024","kind":"paper","name":"Phase I dose-escalation study of 225Ac-J591, a PSMA-targeting alpha-emitting antibody, in mCRPC","route":"/key-papers/paper-tagawa-ac225-j591-jco-2024/"},{"id":"paper-vision-nejm-2021","kind":"paper","name":"VISION: lutetium-177 PSMA-617 radioligand therapy extends survival in advanced prostate cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-vision-nejm-2021/"}],"opportunity":[{"id":"opp-grpr-psma-negative-prostate","kind":"opportunity","name":"GRPR imaging when the PSMA scan is negative","route":"/opportunities/opp-grpr-psma-negative-prostate/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-copper-theranostic-pair-standard","kind":"idea","name":"A single-molecule copper-64/copper-67 pair instead of switching ligands between scan and treatment","route":"/ideas/idea-copper-theranostic-pair-standard/"},{"id":"idea-bispecific-radioligands","kind":"idea","name":"Bispecific PSMA/GRPR radioligands for discordant prostate cancer lesions","route":"/ideas/idea-bispecific-radioligands/"}],"roadmap":[{"id":"psma-theranostics-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"PSMA theranostics roadmap: antigen discovery → PSMA PET → 177Lu-PSMA-617 → earlier lines and alpha","route":"/roadmaps/psma-theranostics-roadmap/"}]}}