{"entity":{"id":"gpc3","kind":"target","name":"Glypican-3","aka":[],"tldr":"Glypican-3 is a fetal liver protein that reappears in liver cancer, giving CAR-T and bispecifics a clean target.","summary":"Glypican-3 is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that modulates Wnt and Hedgehog signalling; it is a fetal liver protein expressed in 70-80% of hepatocellular carcinoma and essentially absent from normal adult liver, which gives cell and bispecific therapies a clean target. It is also found in hepatoblastoma and yolk-sac tumours. Antibodies failed as monotherapy (codrituzumab), suggesting that simply binding GPC3 is not enough. GPC3 CAR-T, including armoured constructs from AstraZeneca/Neogene and Chinese groups, and GPC3×CD3 bispecifics are showing responses, though durability and the hostile liver microenvironment remain concerns. The simple version is a liver-development protein that reappears in liver cancer, letting engineered immune cells recognise the tumour.","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypican_3","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypican_3"}],"tags":["car-t-target"],"related":[],"indications":["hcc"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"symbol":"GPC3","hgnc":"HGNC:4451","ensembl":"ENSG00000147257","uniprot":"P51654","entrez":"2719","biology":"Glypican-3 is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan modulating Wnt and Hedgehog signalling.","whereFound":["Hepatocellular carcinoma","Hepatoblastoma","Yolk-sac tumours"],"targetClass":"surface-antigen","prevalence":[{"indicationId":"hcc","pct":"70-80","measure":"IHC, any expression","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypican_3"}]},"route":"/targets/gpc3/","neighbours":{"indication":[{"id":"hcc","kind":"indication","name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","route":"/indications/hcc/"}],"opportunity":[{"id":"opp-gpc3-hcc-china","kind":"opportunity","name":"GPC3 imaging of the indeterminate liver nodule, led from China","route":"/opportunities/opp-gpc3-hcc-china/"}],"target":[{"id":"tpbg-5t4","kind":"target","name":"5T4 (trophoblast glycoprotein)","route":"/targets/tpbg-5t4/"}]}}