{"entity":{"id":"bi-213","kind":"isotope","name":"Bismuth-213","aka":["213Bi","Bi-213"],"tldr":"An extremely short-lived radioactive metal that delivers a powerful, very local burst of radiation. Because it decays away within a few hours, it has to be made freshly at the hospital, right before it is given to the patient.","summary":"Bismuth-213 is a daughter of actinium-225 with a half-life of only 45.6 minutes. It decays by branching: about 97.8% by beta emission to the ultra-short-lived pure alpha emitter polonium-213 (half-life about 4 microseconds), and a small fraction (roughly 2%) directly by alpha emission to thallium-209. Around 92-93% of the energy released per 213Bi decay is ultimately carried by alpha particles.\n\nBecause its half-life is far shorter than any other clinical radiotherapeutic isotope, 213Bi cannot be centrally manufactured and shipped; it is produced on demand from a 225Ac/213Bi radionuclide generator, typically eluted every two to three hours in clinical use, giving elution yields around 83-93%. The main generator design (an AG MP-50 cation-exchange resin loaded with 225Ac) was pioneered at the Joint Research Centre in Karlsruhe, Germany, which has supplied it free of charge for clinical trials in Europe and the US.\n\n213Bi shares essentially all of 225Ac's supply constraints, since it is milked from the same scarce 225Ac stock, and using it consumes 225Ac less efficiently per alpha particle delivered than using 225Ac directly (only the final alpha of the decay chain is captured). It has been used in early-phase trials in leukaemia, glioma, melanoma, bladder cancer, lymphoma and neuroendocrine tumours, most with anti-CD33 or similar targeting constructs, but has not reached late-phase development.","status":"phase-1","asOf":"2026-09-22","links":[{"label":"Bismuth-213 for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (Pharmaceutics, 2021)","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8143329/"},{"label":"Actinium-225/Bismuth-213 as Potential Leaders for Targeted Alpha Therapy (Pharmaceutics, 2025)","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12468084/"},{"label":"Bismuth-213 and Actinium-225 - Generator Performance (Current Radiopharmaceuticals, 2012)","url":"https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/crp/2012/00000005/00000003/art00006"}],"tags":["therapy","alpha emitter","generator-produced","short-lived"],"related":["ac-225","targeted-alpha-therapy","idea-reg-alpha-emitter-portfolio"],"indications":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"symbol":"213Bi","element":"Bismuth","massNumber":213,"halfLife":"45.6 minutes","emissions":["β− 444 keV (97.84%, to 213Po)","α 5.55-5.87 MeV (about 2%, direct to 209Tl)","213Po α 8.375 MeV in vivo (from the β− branch)","γ 440 keV (usable for imaging)"],"emissionClass":"mixed","use":"therapy","tissueRange":"40-80 micrometres (alpha range)","production":"Generator: eluted from a 225Ac/213Bi radionuclide generator (cation-exchange resin loaded with 225Ac), typically every 2-3 hours.","supply":"constrained","supplyNote":"Entirely dependent on the same scarce 225Ac supply (see ac-225); the JRC Karlsruhe 225Ac/213Bi generator has been the main clinical-trial source in Europe and the US, supplied without charge for research use.","chelators":["DTPA-based bifunctional chelators","CHX-A''-DTPA"],"pairedWith":["ga-68"]},"route":"/isotopes/bi-213/","neighbours":{"isotope":[{"id":"ac-225","kind":"isotope","name":"Actinium-225","route":"/isotopes/ac-225/"},{"id":"pb-212","kind":"isotope","name":"Lead-212","route":"/isotopes/pb-212/"}],"technology":[{"id":"alpha-daughter-redistribution","kind":"technology","name":"Alpha-emitter daughter redistribution ('free daughter' problem)","route":"/technologies/alpha-daughter-redistribution/"},{"id":"dota-chelation","kind":"technology","name":"DOTA chelation","route":"/technologies/dota-chelation/"},{"id":"macropa-chelation","kind":"technology","name":"Macropa chelation","route":"/technologies/macropa-chelation/"},{"id":"radiolabelling-quality-control","kind":"technology","name":"Radiolabelling quality control","route":"/technologies/radiolabelling-quality-control/"},{"id":"targeted-alpha-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Targeted alpha therapy","route":"/technologies/targeted-alpha-therapy/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-reg-alpha-emitter-portfolio","kind":"idea","name":"Fund alpha emitters beyond actinium-225: lead-212, terbium-149 and astatine-211","route":"/ideas/idea-reg-alpha-emitter-portfolio/"},{"id":"idea-pretargeted-alpha-therapy","kind":"idea","name":"Pretargeted alpha radioimmunotherapy","route":"/ideas/idea-pretargeted-alpha-therapy/"}]}}