# PSMA

Source: https://nuclide.cc/targets/psma/  
Nuclide record `psma` (Target). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from Nuclide (nuclide.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

A protein on prostate cancer cells that lets doctors both see the cancer on a PET scan and hit it with a radioactive drug.

## Summary

Prostate-specific membrane antigen is the archetypal theranostic target. PSMA PET (Pylarify, Illuccix, Locametz, Pylarify TruVu) is standard for staging; 177Lu-PSMA-617 (Pluvicto) is approved before and after chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Alpha-emitting 225Ac-PSMA agents and PSMA-targeted bispecifics and CAR-T are in trials.

## Fields

- Kind: Target
- Last checked: 2026-09-04
- Tags: theranostic; pet-target
- Symbol: FOLH1
- Class: surface-antigen
- Biology: PSMA is a type II transmembrane glutamate carboxypeptidase; expression increases with grade and castration resistance. Also expressed in tumour neovasculature of other cancers.
- Where found: Prostate cancer (>90%); Neovasculature of RCC, glioma, others

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_carboxypeptidase_II
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_carboxypeptidase_II

## Connected records

- isotopes: [Actinium-225](https://nuclide.cc/isotopes/ac-225/), [Lutetium-177](https://nuclide.cc/isotopes/lu-177/), [Thorium-227](https://nuclide.cc/isotopes/th-227/)
- indications: [Prostate cancer](https://nuclide.cc/indications/prostate/)
- drugs: [177Lu-PSMA-I&T](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/lu177-psma-it/), [AAA817](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/aaa817/), [Actinium-225 PSMA agents](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/ac225-psma/), [Copper-64 SAR-bisPSMA](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/cu-64-sar-bispsma/), [Florastamin F-18](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/florastamin-f18/), [Flotufolastat F-18](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/flotufolastat/), [FPI-2265](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/fpi-2265/), [Gallium-68 gozetotide (PSMA-11)](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/ga68-psma-11/), [HRS-4357](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/hrs-4357/), [Illuccix (kit for Ga-68 gozetotide)](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/illuccix/), [JNJ-87189401](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/jnj-87189401/), [Locametz (kit for Ga-68 gozetotide)](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/locametz/), [Lutetium-177 PNT2002](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/lu-177-pnt2002/), [Lutetium-177 rosopatamab tetraxetan](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/tlx-591/), [Lutetium-177 vipivotide tetraxetan](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/pluvicto/), [Piflufolastat F-18 / Pylarify TruVu](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/pylarify/), [PSMA-1007 F-18](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/psma-1007-f18/), [Technetium Tc-99m PSMA agents (PSMA-I&S)](https://nuclide.cc/drugs/tc-99m-psma-imaging/)
- companies: [AdvanCell](https://nuclide.cc/companies/advancell/), [ARTBIO](https://nuclide.cc/companies/artbio/), [Bracco Imaging](https://nuclide.cc/companies/bracco/), [Clarity Pharmaceuticals](https://nuclide.cc/companies/clarity-pharmaceuticals/), [Convergent Therapeutics](https://nuclide.cc/companies/convergent-therapeutics/), [Full-Life Technologies](https://nuclide.cc/companies/full-life-technologies/), [Nuclidium](https://nuclide.cc/companies/nuclidium/), [Perspective Therapeutics](https://nuclide.cc/companies/perspective-therapeutics/), [POINT Biopharma](https://nuclide.cc/companies/point-biopharma/), [Telix Pharmaceuticals](https://nuclide.cc/companies/telix/)
- pathways: [Lineage plasticity & neuroendocrine transformation](https://nuclide.cc/pathways/lineage-plasticity-neuroendocrine/), [Prostate cancer (KEGG map)](https://nuclide.cc/pathways/prostate-cancer-signalling/)
- trials: [A Clinical Trial Evaluating the Safety of TD001 In Patients With PSMA-Expressing Metastatic Prostate Cancer](https://nuclide.cc/trials/nct07258407/), [A Phase 1/2 Study of 177Lu-NYM032 Injection in mCRPC](https://nuclide.cc/trials/nct06383052/), [A Single-Arm, Blinded, Fluorescent PSMA Histopathology Trial of AS1986NS](https://nuclide.cc/trials/nct06906471/), [A Study of TRC003 in the Treatment of Patients With Progressive PSMA-positive mCRPC](https://nuclide.cc/trials/nct07567521/), [PSMA-PET to Guide Prostatectomy](https://nuclide.cc/trials/nct05381103/), [VISION](https://nuclide.cc/trials/vision/)
- technologies: [Albumin-binder ligands](https://nuclide.cc/technologies/albumin-binder-ligands/), [Auger-electron therapy](https://nuclide.cc/technologies/auger-electron-therapy/), [Lutetium-177 radioligand therapy](https://nuclide.cc/technologies/lu177-radioligand-therapy/), [PSMA PET](https://nuclide.cc/technologies/psma-pet/), [Radio-antibody & radio-ADC](https://nuclide.cc/technologies/radioimmunotherapy/), [Radioligand plus DNA-repair inhibitor combinations](https://nuclide.cc/technologies/radionuclide-parp-combination/), [Radioligand therapy (beta emitters)](https://nuclide.cc/technologies/radioligand-therapy/), [Targeted alpha therapy](https://nuclide.cc/technologies/targeted-alpha-therapy/)
- institutions: [Heidelberg University Hospital / NCT / DKFZ](https://nuclide.cc/institutions/heidelberg-nct/), [Inselspital, Bern University Hospital / University Cancer Center Inselspital](https://nuclide.cc/institutions/inselspital-bern/), [IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori 'Dino Amadori' (IRST)](https://nuclide.cc/institutions/irst-meldola/), [UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center](https://nuclide.cc/institutions/ucla-jonsson/), [UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center](https://nuclide.cc/institutions/ucsf/), [University Hospital Düsseldorf / CIO Düsseldorf](https://nuclide.cc/institutions/uk-duesseldorf/)
- terms: [Antigen](https://nuclide.cc/terms/antigen/), [Ligand](https://nuclide.cc/terms/ligand/), [PSMA-RADS (PSMA reporting and data system)](https://nuclide.cc/terms/psma-rads/), [Salivary gland toxicity (xerostomia) from PSMA radioligand therapy](https://nuclide.cc/terms/salivary-gland-toxicity/)
- pairings: [177Lu-PSMA-617 then 225Ac-PSMA rescue therapy](https://nuclide.cc/pairings/beta-psma-then-alpha-psma-rescue/), [PSMA PET → PSMA radioligand therapy](https://nuclide.cc/pairings/psma-pet-to-rlt/)
- collections: [Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF)](https://nuclide.cc/collections/prostate-cancer-foundation/)
- people: [A. Oliver Sartor](https://nuclide.cc/people/oliver-sartor/), [Clemens Kratochwil](https://nuclide.cc/people/clemens-kratochwil/), [Declan G. Murphy](https://nuclide.cc/people/declan-murphy/), [Jason S. Lewis](https://nuclide.cc/people/jason-lewis/), [Jeremie Calais](https://nuclide.cc/people/jeremie-calais/), [Johannes Czernin](https://nuclide.cc/people/johannes-czernin/), [Ken Herrmann](https://nuclide.cc/people/ken-herrmann/), [Louise Emmett](https://nuclide.cc/people/louise-emmett/), [Michael Hofman](https://nuclide.cc/people/hofman-michael/), [Michael J. Morris](https://nuclide.cc/people/michael-morris/), [Peter Bartenstein](https://nuclide.cc/people/peter-bartenstein/), [Rahul Aggarwal](https://nuclide.cc/people/rahul-aggarwal/), [Shahneen Sandhu](https://nuclide.cc/people/sandhu-shahneen/), [Thomas A. Hope](https://nuclide.cc/people/thomas-hope/), [Uwe Haberkorn](https://nuclide.cc/people/uwe-haberkorn/)
- key papers: [225Ac-PSMA-617 for PSMA-targeted alpha-radiation therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer](https://nuclide.cc/key-papers/paper-kratochwil-ac225-psma-jnm-2016/), [Phase I dose-escalation study of 225Ac-J591, a PSMA-targeting alpha-emitting antibody, in mCRPC](https://nuclide.cc/key-papers/paper-tagawa-ac225-j591-jco-2024/), [VISION: lutetium-177 PSMA-617 radioligand therapy extends survival in advanced prostate cancer](https://nuclide.cc/key-papers/paper-vision-nejm-2021/)
- opportunities: [GRPR imaging when the PSMA scan is negative](https://nuclide.cc/opportunities/opp-grpr-psma-negative-prostate/)
- ideas: [A single-molecule copper-64/copper-67 pair instead of switching ligands between scan and treatment](https://nuclide.cc/ideas/idea-copper-theranostic-pair-standard/), [Bispecific PSMA/GRPR radioligands for discordant prostate cancer lesions](https://nuclide.cc/ideas/idea-bispecific-radioligands/)
- roadmaps: [PSMA theranostics roadmap: antigen discovery → PSMA PET → 177Lu-PSMA-617 → earlier lines and alpha](https://nuclide.cc/roadmaps/psma-theranostics-roadmap/)

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JSON: https://nuclide.cc/api/v1/entities/psma.json